Geography of Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska
Matanuska-Susitna Borough, often referred to as Mat-Su Borough, is located in the southern part of the state of Alaska. Covering an expansive area of approximately 24,700 square miles, Matanuska-Susitna Borough is one of the largest boroughs in Alaska, known for its rugged landscapes, abundant wildlife, and outdoor recreational opportunities. Its geography, including its climate, rivers, lakes, and other features, significantly influences the local environment and shapes the lives of its residents. Check Nonprofitdictionary.com to learn more.
Topography and Landforms
Matanuska-Susitna Borough’s topography is diverse and dramatic, featuring towering mountain ranges, expansive valleys, and numerous glaciers. The borough is situated within the Alaska Range and the Talkeetna Mountains, which dominate much of its eastern and northern regions.
One of the most notable landforms in Matanuska-Susitna Borough is the Matanuska Glacier, one of the largest glaciers accessible by car in the United States. The glacier stretches for approximately 27 miles from its source in the Alaska Range and is a popular destination for glacier hiking and ice climbing.
In addition to the Matanuska Glacier, the borough is also home to several other prominent features, including the Susitna River Valley and the Knik Glacier. These natural wonders provide habitat for a variety of plant and animal species and offer endless opportunities for outdoor adventure and exploration.
Climate
Matanuska-Susitna Borough experiences a subarctic climate, characterized by long, cold winters and short, mild summers. The region falls within the northern boreal forest biome, where weather patterns are influenced by its high latitude and proximity to the Pacific Ocean.
Winter temperatures in Matanuska-Susitna Borough can be extremely cold, with average lows dipping well below freezing. Snowfall is common during the winter months, with accumulations ranging from several inches to several feet in some areas. The snow-covered landscape creates a winter wonderland and provides opportunities for skiing, snowmobiling, and other winter sports.
Summer temperatures in Matanuska-Susitna Borough are mild, with average highs reaching the 60s°F to 70s°F (around 15-25°C). The region experiences long daylight hours during the summer months, with the sun shining for up to 20 hours a day in some areas. This extended daylight period allows for abundant plant growth and supports a variety of outdoor activities, including hiking, fishing, and wildlife viewing.
Spring and fall serve as transitional seasons, with fluctuating temperatures and occasional precipitation. These seasons are characterized by blooming wildflowers, budding foliage, and the migration of wildlife as the region transitions between the extremes of winter and summer.
Rivers and Lakes
Matanuska-Susitna Borough is intersected by several rivers and streams, which flow through its mountainous terrain and contribute to the region’s hydrology. The most notable river in the borough is the Susitna River, which flows from its source in the Talkeetna Mountains to its mouth in Cook Inlet. The Susitna River is one of the largest rivers in Alaska and serves as a vital waterway for transportation, recreation, and industry.
In addition to the Susitna River, Matanuska-Susitna Borough is also home to several other rivers and creeks, including the Matanuska River, the Little Susitna River, and the Knik River. These waterways meander through the borough’s interior and provide opportunities for fishing, boating, and other water-based activities.
While natural lakes are scarce in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, the region is home to several man-made reservoirs and impoundments, including the Eklutna Lake and the Matanuska Lake. These reservoirs provide opportunities for boating, fishing, and other recreational activities amid the stunning mountain scenery.
Vegetation and Wildlife
The natural vegetation of Matanuska-Susitna Borough consists mainly of boreal forests, tundra, and alpine meadows, which provide habitat for a variety of plant and animal species. Common tree species found in the area include spruce, birch, and aspen, which provide food and shelter for a variety of wildlife species.
The borough’s diverse habitats support a wide range of wildlife, including moose, caribou, grizzly bears, and a variety of bird species. These animals rely on the diverse habitat for food, shelter, and reproduction, making the preservation of natural areas critical for their survival.
In addition to terrestrial habitats, Matanuska-Susitna Borough also boasts rich aquatic ecosystems, with its rivers, streams, and lakes supporting a variety of fish, amphibians, and waterfowl. Anglers can find a wealth of fish species in the borough’s waterways, including salmon, trout, and char, making fishing a popular pastime for residents and visitors alike.
Human Impact and Land Use
Human activity has significantly altered the landscape of Matanuska-Susitna Borough over the years, particularly through mining, logging, and outdoor recreation. The borough’s rich mineral resources, including gold, coal, and gravel, have been mined for decades, shaping both the economy and the environment.
Logging has also been an important economic activity in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, with timber harvested from its forests used for lumber, paper, and other products. While logging practices have become more sustainable in recent years, the industry continues to play a role in shaping the borough’s landscape and economy.
Outdoor recreation is a significant driver of economic activity in Matanuska-Susitna Borough, with opportunities for hiking, camping, hunting, and fishing attracting visitors from near and far. The borough’s numerous parks, trails, and wilderness areas provide opportunities for residents and visitors to enjoy the natural beauty of the region while supporting local businesses and communities.
Matanuska-Susitna Borough, Alaska, with its diverse geography, subarctic climate, and abundant natural resources, offers a unique and scenic environment for residents and visitors alike. From its towering mountains and expansive glaciers to its meandering rivers and pristine lakes, the borough’s landscape provides a wealth of opportunities for outdoor recreation, wildlife viewing, and economic activity. As residents continue to steward the land and adapt to changing environmental conditions, they remain committed to preserving the beauty and vitality of Matanuska-Susitna Borough for future generations to enjoy.